Fire grate



April 19, 1927.

f INVENTOR ATTORNEY A. S. LOMSHAKOFF FIRE GRATE Filed Sept. 19. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 zev k/MM,

BY y?, l

j ATTORNEY .50 coarse an Panam Ape-19.1927.

1,625,556 PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXIS S. IOISHAKOFF, F PRAGUE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

" rma emi-11. a

application mea september 1a, 192s.. seran no. ssassa.

v My invention relatesV to improvements in fire grates, and while the invention is 'especially applicable to the grates of stoking 'furnaces of various kinds, it is also useful 5 for any' sort of fire grate., In stoking furnaces, and in many lother furnaces, it 1s customary and desirable to use a very fine fuel. There is difliculty, however, in the use of this cheap fuel in that if the grate l0 is .at all 'coarse the fuel falls through the grate and if it is fine enough to support the fuel then numerous air openings are formed and a forced draft is necessary which causes the air to issue in 'ets through l5 the fine holes in the grate and t us the fuel is blown away and carried oil' with 4the products of combustion, that is, with -the;`

smoke or into the ashes.

- The object of myinvention is to overcome this diiiiculty' and to produce 'a fire'.

grate which is applicable to any furnace where a fire tis used Vand small fuel is emi ployed, and which has a body dense. enough to support .the finely divided fuel and yet 25 porous enough' to permit the air'to flow through it to promote combustion.

I attain this 'end to the best advantage by making the fire grate with a body of more or ing material such as particles of magnesite, quartz, finely divided -metal slag or the like.

.It vwill be seen that in this Way I can produce a body which will be ermeable t'o the draft of airfbut in whic the air ducts extending through 'the grate body are of such irre lar construction owing to'the loose matemal that the said ducts are bailied and the air iows through evenlyl on all parts of thev grate, thus promoting 40* excellent combustion,` but in such a way as not to seriously disturb the body of finely divided fuel which lies upon `the grate.

' Obviously this arrangement can be carried out in many-ways. The'most natural and convenient way is .to provide a frame carrying a screen which will sup rt the loose. particles forming 'ther grate d vIf desired, this body can be formed o a plurality of lagers or strata of material, some once that by varying the size of the material the thi'kness of the body or the amount of compression applied to the ma-ss, the grate can begiven any desired density or porosity. The form ofthe grate '1s-not less finely divided and {ire-resistwhich it is to be put andthe character ofsome line, and it will be seen-at essential, and this will ap ear more clearly from the description whic follows.

- Reference inay be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this speci- Iication, -in which Figure 1 is a plan view of 4a simple form of grate showing my improvement;

Figure 2 is a cross section of the structure shown in 'Figure 1;

Figure 3 is across section showing a grate made up of plural layers of coarse material;

Figure 4`is a plan view f a mg numerous cells to support frate havthe porous o is a cross section ofthe struc- Figure 4; re '6 isa cross section of a cellular aving plural layers of porous ma- 7 ate has an enclosing frame 10, shownA v1n -Figures 1 and 2 with a screen botom 11, through which air may pass and which'supports the body or bed 12.made up as above described of broken particles of re-resistingmaterial.

.This bed, as above stated, can be made more or less dense and of more or lessfinelyy divided material according to' the use to the fuel to be burned thereon. y

In carrying out my idea further, the

lupper bed 12 may have van underlying bed o coarser or less coarse material, 1n which case an enclosing frame 13 can be eonven- 10G ient-ly used, which has a screen bottom 14, and the underlying bed 15 rests on this screen and below the screen 11 of the upper stratum.

In Figures 4 and I have shown a form of bed or ate which is suitable for many purposes, ut which illustrates the ideaabove described, and in this case the frame 16-is made up of numerous cells 17 in which is placed the material 18 comprising, the U0 porous body of the bed, While the material is held in place by an underlying screen 19.

As illustrated above, this structure may also have an underlying bed 21 or more beds if necessary, and a screen bottom to support it.

n Figure 7 I have illustrated still another means of carr ing my invention into effect, in which cel s are formed with irregular Walls or partit-ions 22, which are bent as shown at 23 and with terminal flanges 24, these being spaced apart from the next'adjacent partition so that the material 25n forming the body of the grate will lie in the cells without the necessity of using an underlying screen.

In Figure 8 I have shown the application of my improved grate to a stoking furnace which in this instance is of a type illustrated more fully in another application for Letters Patent of the United States, which Ii have filed under date of September 19th, 1923, Serial No. 663,561, but While the grate forming this invention is well adapted to the particular type of stoking furnace referred to, it can With equal facility be applied to any form of stoking furnace. As illustrated here, however, the grate, the body of which can be in any of the forms above described, is provided at one end with a pusher bar 26 having air ducts 27 therein formed by the tongue 28, so that the pusher bar may be detachable and bars of different sizes used. To illustrate this it will be observed that the pusher bar at the right hand of Figure 8 is higher than the one shown in the middle of the ligure. These platform grates arranged in step fashion as shown, reciprocate back and forth with relation to each other and they have plane surfaces 29 near the pusher bars 26 on which the pusher bars ride, and engaging members 29* to cooperate with some means of reciprocatin the platform.

In igure 8 I have also shown in a general way mechanism 30 for reciprocating the grates, but this is not referred to in det-ail as it is the subject of my other application hereinabove referred to.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the particular structures which I have here illustrated are not so important, 'but they dered fuels, it can also be used to advantage with any ordinary fuel, as coarse coal or lignites, having liner particles which rattle ott' in the course of consumption or othery wise.

'lhe grate hereinbefore describedwith the fire resisting materials, serves successfully as the bottom of a combustion chamber in cases where pulverized, liquid, or gaseous fuel is used. By the use of the grate it is possible to conduct and distribute the air so as to promote complete combustion in the combustion chamber, and also to cool any particles of slag or ashes which fall on the grate. The unburnt particles of fuel falling on the grate will meet a flow of air which will either force them back to the combustion chamber, orthey will burn on the grate itself on top of the particles which have already been consumed or in course of consumption.

I claim:

1. A fire grate having a permanent body of air permeable parts formed of strata of fire resisting particles, the Strata being of varying air poroslt 2. A fire grate having a body portion formed of strata of fire resisting particles, the several strata being of varying densities.

3. A lire grate having a cellular body with the cells permanently filled with fire resisting material which is permeable to air.

4. A re grate having a .body portion formed of strata of lire resisting particles with the particles of one stratum of a general size different from that of an adjacent stratum.

5. A fire grate comprising a cellular body having the cells thereof permanently filled with material which fuses only at exceedingly high temperatures and which is peri meable to air.

In testimony whereof, I have si edmy name to this specication this 1th day of September, 1923.

ALEXIS S. LOMSHAKOFF.

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